package main

import "fmt"

var globalVariable = "this is a global variable"

func printingExamples() {
	age := 69
	name := "Joe"

	//Print
	fmt.Print("hello, ")   // does NOT add a new line
	fmt.Print("world! \n") // add new line manually
	fmt.Print("new line \n")

	//Println
	fmt.Println("Hello on one line!") // automatically adds new line
	fmt.Println("Good bye on one line!")

	//Passing multiple values
	fmt.Println("My age is", age, "and my name is", name)

	//Printf (formatted strings) %_ = format specifier - List of specifiers https://pkg.go.dev/fmt
	// Does NOT add a new line like fmt.Print()
	fmt.Printf("my age is %v and my name is %v \n", age, name) // %v takes any type of variables in the order they are provided
	fmt.Printf("My age is %q and my name is %q \n", age, name) // %q adds quotes around the variables in the order they are provided, must be strings!
	fmt.Printf("age is of type %T \n", age)                    // %T gets the type of the first variable passed after string to be printed
	fmt.Printf("You scored %f points! \n", 225.55)             // %f passes a float value passed
	fmt.Printf("You scored %0.1f points! \n", 225.55)          // %X.Xf rounds the passed float to the specified length

	// Sprintf (saved formatted strings)
	var sprintfVar = fmt.Sprintf("My age is %v and my name is %v \n", age, name)
	fmt.Println("The saved string is:", sprintfVar)
}

func dataTypesExamples() {

	// Date Types Doc https://go.dev/ref/spec#Types

	fmt.Println("-------------------------STRINGS-------------------------")
	// String docs https://go.dev/ref/spec#String_types

	// Three ways to initialize a variable
	var nameOne string = "mario"
	var nameTwo = "luigi"
	var nameThree string

	fmt.Println(nameOne)
	fmt.Println(nameTwo)
	fmt.Println(nameThree)
	fmt.Println("All three: ", nameOne, nameTwo, nameThree)

	nameOne = "peach"
	nameThree = "bowser"
	fmt.Println(nameOne, nameTwo)

	// Shorthand for variable initialization
	nameFour := "yoshi"
	fmt.Println(nameFour)

	// Numeric data types doc https://go.dev/ref/spec#Numeric_types

	fmt.Println("-------------------------INTS-------------------------")

	// ints
	var ageOne int = 20
	var ageTwo = 30
	ageThree := 40

	fmt.Println(ageOne, ageTwo, ageThree)

	// bits & memory

	// signed (positive and negative)
	var numOne int8 = 25           // -128 to 127
	var numTwo int16 = 35          // -32768 to 32767 (-32,768 to 32,767)
	var numThree int32 = 45        // -2147483648 to 2147483647 (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647)
	var numThreeAndAHalf rune = 45 // rune is the same as int32
	var numFour int64 = 55         // -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807 (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)

	fmt.Println(numOne, numTwo, numThree, numThreeAndAHalf, numFour)

	// unsigned (all positive)
	var posNumOne uint8 = 65    // 0 to 255
	var posNumTwo uint16 = 75   // 0 to 65535 (65,535)
	var posNumThree uint32 = 85 // 0 to 4294967295 (4,294,967,295)
	var posNumFour uint64 = 95  // 0 to 18446744073709551615 (18,446,744,073,709,551,615)

	fmt.Println(posNumOne, posNumTwo, posNumThree, posNumFour)

	fmt.Println("-------------------------FLOATS-------------------------")

	// decimal values default to float64
	var floatOne float32 = 25.98
	var floatTwo float64 = 9843216984654.68432168454651968
	floatThree := 6854324.6854654

	fmt.Println(floatOne, floatTwo, floatThree)

}